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Tunguska Siberia Blast Was
Gigantic 'Volcanic Blowout'
By Giles Whittell in Moscow
The Times - London
7-24-1

THE cause of a massive explosion over central Siberia that has remained one of the great mysteries of modern science, was a "volcanic blowout" of ten million tonnes of natural gas, a noted German physicist has claimed.
 
The eruption over the Tunguska plateau one summer morning 93 years ago has long been explained as the impact of the biggest meteorite to hit Earth since prehistoric times. It scorched nearly 1,000 sq miles of forest, incinerated entire colonies of reindeer and sent elderly men 200 miles away running for the bathhouse to be clean for their impending deaths.
 
For the past half-century the "Tunguska event" has been explained as an incoming meteorite or comet exploding in the upper atmosphere with the force of 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. However, it left no cosmic debris or crater, forcing even experts to admit that its cause was one of the great mysteries of modern science.
 
That may be about to change: 17 factors, including the patterns of tectonic faults and fallen trees in the area, suggest that the explosion had nothing to do with outer space, but was caused by gas forced upwards from the planet's molten core, Wolfgang Kundt, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Bonn, writes in August's issue of the journal Current Science.
 
The "outgassing" may also have created, in a few earth-shaking minutes, a geological structure close to the surface of the Earth known as a kimberlite after the legendery diamond reserves found in the 19th century near the South African town of Kimberley, Professor Kundt writes.
 
"If they find that, as is indicated, it would turn Siberia into a rich industrial country," he told The Times, dismissing the comet and meteorite theories as pseudo-science. "If good physicists had been involved from the start this problem would never have occurred,' he said. "As it was (the early study of the Tunguska phenomenon) was left to geophysicists and geologists with no knowledge of extraterrestial bodies."
 
The first outsider to visit Tunguska was neither a physicist nor a geophysicist, but a goldsmith named Suzdalev, who arrived in 1910 and swore the locals to silence about what he found. They obeyed, and it is unknown whether he left with a fortune in diamonds or nothing at all.
 
The next expedition was in 1927, when Leonid Kulik, a Russian geologist, observed a stunning radial pattern of thousands of trees felled by the blast, their blackened trunks pointing to an epicentre in the middle of a 250 million year-old volcanic crater at the junction of seismic faultlines.
 
Witness accounts from 1908, throughout the region were plentiful, but contradictory. They spoke of fireballs, twin columns of flame and trails of fire from several directions. There were also reports of eerie lights in the night sky before and after June 30, strong enough to read a newspaper by and visible as far away as Western Europe.
 
Amateurs have explained these accounts with theories about black holes, "anti- matter bullets" and, most popular of all, an exploding spaceship that was the subject of a best-selling Soviet book, Guest From Space.
 
Two costly expeditions by the University of Bologna since the Soviet collapse have focused on meteorites. They claim to have found microscopic traces of space dust in spruce resin to support the view that the blast was caused by a stony meteor 200ft wide approaching at a 45-degree angle and exploding four miles above the Earth. However, such a meteorite cannot account for 12 conical holes in the ground near the epicentre and would have felled the trees in a parallel pattern, Professor Kundt insists.
 
Andrei Olkhovatov, a Russian scientist who supports many of his findings, says that a meteor 200ft across would have left at least 100,000 tonnes of debris along its approach path. "But the question arises, where are the remnants?" he asked. "Nowhere, nothing after decades of detailed research."
 
 
Comment
 
Blatant Disinformation
 
From Susan Rotem
susanrotem@dingoblue.net.au
7-24-1
Subject: TUNGUSKA
 
Dear Jeff,
 
I was surprised to read on your website today, the 'Times of London' blatantly misleading article about Tunguska. This was another excellent example of the Monopoly Press relentless attempts to confuse the public. We are bombarded daily by confusing hypothesis's by "scientists" who are no more than intellectual prostitutes for hire.
 
Thousands of pages are available today on the Internet about this spectacular event and eye witnesses accounts. No matter how much "scientists" and "journalists" will try to distort the facts, three observations made it perfectly clear that the Tunguska event was an explosion of a UFO. Many of the witnesses to the original crash spoke of seeing an oval-shaped mass moving across the sky, as well as seeing the object change course, and of having a very low speed.
 
All expeditions clearly observed that the way the trees were felled in an outward motion and that in the centre an area of trees were still standing, although all their bark and branches have been destroyed.
 
After the Second World War and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, photos of the cities were compared with aerial photos of the Tunguska blast, and they were stunning similar.
 
As a result of this various scientists speculated that a nuclear explosion had taken place over the area, hence explaining the tree formation, and because no nation possessed nuclear device the logical conclusion was that it was from an exploding alien nuclear powered craft.
 
It is amusing to read in the Monopoly Press how "scientists" will throw away all ethics, Facts, observations & eyewitness testimony, just to avoid the UFO reality.
 
Almost as bad as the TWA-800 fiasco.
 
Respectfully,
 
Susan Rotem
 
P. S.
 
The Times of London used to be a fun paper to read. For the pleasure of your readers, I am enclosing three articles from the Times of London related to the Tunguska event.
 
The following letter appeared in "The Times" (London) on Wednesday, July 01, 1908.
 
"Curious Sun Effects At Night"
 
"To the Editor of the Times."
 
"Sir,--Struck with the unusual brightness of the heavens, the band of golfers staying here strolled towards the links at 11 o'clock last evening in order that they might obtain an uninterrupted view of the phenomenon. Looking northwards across the sea they found that the sky had the appearance of a dying sunset of exquisite beauty. This not only lasted but actually grew both in extent and intensity till 2:30 this morning, when driving clouds from the East obliterated the gorgeous colouring. I myself was aroused from sleep at 1:15, and so strong was the light at this hour that I could read a book by it in my chamber quite comfortably. At 1:45 the whole sky, N. and N.-E., was a delicate salmon pink, and the birds began their matutinal song. No doubt others will have noticed this phenomenon, but as Brancaster holds an almost unique position in facing north to the sea, we who are staying here had the best possible view of it.
 
Yours faithfully,
Holcombe Ingleby.
Dormy House Club, Brancaster, July 1" (1908)
 
 
 
The following letter was published on the following day, Thursday, July 2, 1908, in "The Times" (London):
 
"The Aurora Borealis."
 
The Aurora Borealis was very brilliant again last night. In the higher points in the suburbs from which London can be seen the sight was most unusual. All the outstanding features of the metropolis were silhouetted. Many people were in the suburban roads viewing the sight."
 
"TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES."
 
"Sir,--I should be interested in hearing whether others of your readers observed the strange light in the sky which was seen here last night by my sister and myself. I do not know when it first appeared; we saw it between 12 o'clock (midnight) and 12:15 a.m. It was in the northeast and of a bright flame-colour like the light of sunrise or sunset. The sky, for some distance above the light, which appeared to be on the horizon, was blue as in the daytime, with bands of light cloud of a pinkish colour floating across it at intervals. Only the brightest stars could be seen in any part of the sky, though it was an almost cloudless night. It was possible to read large print indoors, and the hands of the clock in my room were quite distinct. An hour later, at about 1:30 a.m., the room was quite light, as if it had been day; the light in the sky was then more dispersed and was a fainter yellow. The whole effect was that of a night in Norway at about this time of year. I am in the habit of watching the sky, and have noticed the amount of light indoors at different hours of the night several times in the last fortnight. I have never at any time seen anything the least like this in England, and it would be interesting if any one would explain the cause of so unusual a sight.
 
Yours faithfully, Katharine Stephen. Godmanchester, Huntingdon, July 1."
This article appeared in The Times (London) on Saturday, July 4, 1908. 
 
"The Recent Nocturnal Glows"
 
"The remarkable ruddy glows which have been seen on many nights lately have attracted much attention, and have been seen over an area extending as far as Berlin. There is considerable difference of opinion as to their nature. Some hold that they are auroral; their colour is quite consistent with this view, and there is also the fact that Professor Fowler, of South Kensington, predicted auroral displays at this time from his observations, which showed great disturbances in the sun's prominences. These violent disturbances in the prominences were also described by Mr. Newbegin at the meeting of the British Astronomical Association last Wednesday, the latest disturbance noted being on the morning of that day. There was a slight, but plainly marked disturbance of the magnets on Tuesday night, and this materially strengthened the auroral theory, as the two phenomena are very closely correlated. However, this was shaken on the following night, when the glow was quite as strong, but the magnets were exceptionally quiet. This convinced many, who had before been inclined to the auroral theory, that the phenomenon was simply an abnormal twilight glow; this is supported by the fact that nearly all the observers agree that the glow was vertically above the position of the sun, and moved with it from north-west to north-east during the night; a further argument is that the glow was always near the horizon, whereas aurorae may be seen in any part of the sky.
 
It is well known that there is some twilight so long as the sun's depression below the horizon does not exceed 18-deg.; in other words, we have no real night in London when the sun is more that 20-deg. North of the equator, or from May 23 to July 21. It is only necessary to suppose that some temporary condition of the atmosphere made this twilight much brighter and redder than usual.
 
We may recall the circumstances of the wonderful glows which were seen in this country in the autumn of 1883, and which were due to the dust scattered in the upper atmosphere by the terrific outburst at Krakatoa at the end of August. Those glows had many points in common with the recent ones; (1) the deep, lurid colour, suggesting a distant conflagration many were for some time doubtful whether Tuesday's glow was not due to this cause) (sic); (2) both glows were seen at a much longer interval after sunset than ordinary sunset glows, and the latter had already faded before the abnormal glow began. This indicated an extraordinary height for the dust causing the glow, and consequently the extreme fineness of the latter; by charting the places and dates of first visibility of the glows in 1883, it was found that the dust was carried westward by a previously unknown upper current at a speed of 80 miles an hour; it did not reach the British Isles till its third circuit of the globe, each circuit having a wider range in latitude. We thus see that distance is no obstacle in vast cosmical phenomena of this kind, which are absolutely world-embracing. No volcanic outburst of abnormal violence has been reported lately; there have, however, been some moderate outbursts in the Pacific during the spring, and it is possible that the dust may have reached us from these, or from some unreported eruption in some little-known region of the world." 
 
 
 The curious meteorological effects may have been the result of the mysterious explosion, which occurred over the Tunguska Region of Russia, approximately 600 miles to the northwest of the northern tip of Lake Baikal in Siberia, at 0717 hrs. (local time) on June 30, 1908. If so, the effects, documented in the news articles, must have been visible over Europe, many thousands of miles to the west of the epicenter of the blast, within a very short period of time.
 
Question 1: If the meteorological effects were, in fact, caused by the explosion at Tunguska in the heart of Siberia, how could the dust cloud generated by the explosion, and the one presumed by the writers to have been the cause of the meteorological anomalies, have reached Europe, apparently within hours, or perhaps even minutes?
 
Question 2: Moreover, if the explosion was, in fact, caused by a meteor or comet, is such an event consistent with the magnetic anomaly that apparently was detected throughout Europe, and perhaps even around the world?
 
In addition, it is intriguing to consider whether the magnetic anomaly occurred at the instant of the actual explosion, or whether it occurred prior, during the possibly 1-2 minutes that the object that exploded was seen by local herdsmen in the area prior to the actual blast.
 
 
Hypotheses are STILL being proposed, and definitive solutions are not yet available. The research goes on.
 
 
Comment
 
From Jerry Kirkegaard j
kirkegaard01@earthlink.net
7-25-1
 
Hi Susan:
 
Were you a personal wittiness to this event????????????
 
Science ALL FIELDS from the old school have the dubious, but well deserved dishonor of perpetuating bad science to continue this dogma which has been shoved down our throats for thousands and thousands of years.
 
I have no personal opinion, but I do Keep a VERY OPEN MIND.
 
Regards
Jerry

 

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