- If we consider space a medium and that medium is a particulate
composition of space itself, similar to aether, then we can model space
propulsion systems based on that space-aether concept.
-
- The material of space is said to be filled with a froth
of virtual particles. Perhaps, in addition, there are some lepton neutrino
space-filling particles that constitute a hydrodynamic energy that exerts
pressure on mass concentrations. If these particles, real or virtual normally
flow through matter, but encounter increasing resistance with mass density,
we could attribute the force of gravity to this virtual particle pressure.
Likewise, such a pressure may be responsible for inertia.
-
- I quote from an article on supercavitation: ìLately
there has been a resurgence of interest in a technology that allows naval
weapons and vessels to travel submerged at hundreds of miles per hour.
The fastest traditional undersea technologies are limited to a maximum
velocity of about 80 miles per hour. The technology that allows some undersea
vessels to travel faster than the speed of sound in water is called supercavitation.
First explored in the 1940s, supercavitation exploits a loophole that allows
underwater travel with minimal drag. For many years naval experts studied
its parent field, cavitation, because of the problems that it brings about.
Only recently did researchers consider supercavitation as a way to build
faster submarines and torpedoes.
-
- To understand supercavitation, first cavitation must
be understood. When a fluid moves rapidly around a body, the pressure in
the flow drops. This pressure reduction over the surface of the body is
the same effect that generates lift on airplane wings and gives sailboats
the ability to move on the water's surface with only the wind to propel
them. As the velocity increases and the pressure continues to drop, a point
is reached at which the pressure in the flow equals the vapor pressure
of water, whereupon the fluid undergoes a phase change and becomes a gas:
water vapor.
-
- Under certain circumstances, especially at sharp edges,
the flow can include attached cavities of approximately constant pressure
filled with water vapor and air trailing behind. This is called natural
cavitation. Normally, cavitation is a condition to be avoided in fluid
flow systems, because it can distort water flow to rob pumps, turbines,
hydrofoils, and propellers of operational efficiency. It can also lead
to violent shock waves (from rapid bubble collapse), which cause pitting
and erosion of metal surfaces.
-
- In supercavitation, the small gas bubbles produced by
cavitation expand and combine to form one large, stable, and predictable
bubble around the supercavitating object. The bubble is longer than the
object, so only the leading edge of the object actually contacts liquid
water. The rest of the object is surrounded by low-pressure water vapor,
significantly lowering the drag on the supercavitating object. A supercavity
can also form around a specially designed projectile. The key is creating
a zone of low pressure around the entire object by carefully shaping the
nose and firing the projectile at a sufficiently high velocity. At high
velocity water flows off the edge of the nose with a speed and angle that
prevent it from wrapping around the surface of the projectile, producing
a low-pressure bubble around the object. With an appropriate nose shape
and a speed over 110 miles per hour, the entire projectile may reside in
a vapor cavity.
-
- Some estimates indicate that a supercavitating projectile,
using rocket propulsion, could travel at speeds in excess of 230 miles
per hour underwater.
-
- [Caltech Undergraduate Research Journal, November 30,
2001 ; Scientific American, May 2001; Deep Angel Cavitator]
-
- Note the analogy of a spatial ocean or sea with an H2O
ocean. Creating a supercavity around a submarine would permit rapid travel
through the medium.
-
- Creating a supercavity in space fluid around a spacecraft
would also permit rapid travel through the vacuum of space. The supercavity
envisioned might be created as an electro-magnetic bubble that repels space
particles or drastically reduces the density of the space foam so as to
enable the spacecraft to achieve hyperlight velocities, especially if by
this action it has a measurable effect on reducing inertia.
-
- The magnetospheric plasma propulsion envisioned by Robert
Winglee may be one step on the path toward a true magneto-gravitic propulsion
system.
-
- The method makes use of the ambient energy of the solar
wind by coupling to the solar wind through a large-scale (~ 10 km) magnetic
bubble or mini-magnetosphere. The magnetosphere is produced by the injection
of plasma on to the magnetic field of a small
- (< 1 m) dipole coil tethered to the spacecraft. In
this way, it is possible for a spacecraft to attain unprecedented speeds
for minimal energy and mass requirements. Since the magnetic inflation
is produced by electromagnetic processes, the material and deployment problems
associated with the mechanical sails are eliminated.
-
- Perhaps a magnetic vortex of extreme power drives flying
saucers across our skies and through space. If such a magnetic vortex
could be focused to tunnel through the space medium, then I believe hyperlight
speeds are possible.
-
- Lifter technology may demonstrate the utility of an HV-powered
craft, but I believe that eventually we need a dynamic generator that will
produce the powerful fields necessary to propel an interstellar craft.
Perhaps some experiments with rotating electric or magnetic rings could
be tried to test levitation effects.
-
- -Bill Hamilton
- (Spacecraft Engineer)
-
- Bill Hamilton
- Executive Director
- Skywatch International, Inc.
-
- http://home.earthlink.net/~skywatcher22
- http://home.earthlink.net/~skywatcher12
- http://home.earthlink.net/~xplorerx
- http://home.earthlink.net/~xplorerx2
- http://home.earthlink.net/~xplorerx3
- Fiat Lux et Veritas
|
