- Mohamed Shaukat Abu Rudeina believes that his family
will never receive justice. "It's all over," he says. "The
world has changed since Sept. 11, 2001. The Americans rule the world."
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- A few yards from his concrete breeze-block home, the
bullets that killed his father and uncle still puncture the walls. In 1982
up to 1,700 Palestinians were massacred here, in the camps of Sabra and
Shatilla. The Israeli Kahan Commission stated that Ariel Sharon - then
the Israeli defense minister, now the prime minister, who sent the killers
into the camps - was "personally responsible" for the killings.
On that basis, Mohamed was one of the survivors who brought the legal case
against Sharon to Brussels.
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- "All my life," he says, "I wanted a father
and I resented the fact that he was killed. I hated his absence in my life."
Alas, for Mohamed Shaukat, America's pressure on the Belgian government
meant that Brussels - under threat of losing its rebuilding of NATO headquarters
and the presence of US officials in the capital - demanded changes in Belgium's
war crimes laws, so that US soldiers could not be taken to court in Europe.
The Belgian administration caved in - not least because of claims that
George Bush and Gen. Tommy Franks were accused of war crimes during their
March invasion of Iraq. In future, any defendants would be transferred
to their own countries for trial. The Americans were safe.
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- But, as Chibli Mallat, one of the three lawyers representing
the survivors, pointed out, this was not enough. "After the Belgians
agreed to the changes, [US Secretary of Defense] Donald Rumsfeld said he
wasn't happy with the changes. Is this to save Sharon from coming to trial?"
Mallat has studied Belgian law all too carefully. "The Belgians decided
that the accused could be tried in their own country, provided it had a
fair legal system. We said, 'Fine, but our plaintiffs cannot go to Israel
- they, as Palestinian refugees, won't have any chance of setting foot
in Israel to state their case'. So the case has to be heard in Belgium."
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- Mohamed Shaukat still remembers the day his father and
uncle and other members of his family were ordered from their shack and
taken to the yard outside. He heard the bullets that killed them, fired
by the Lebanese Christian Phalangists sent into the refugee camps by Ariel
Sharon in 1982 to fight "terrorists". "I knew they were
murdered and I saw their bodies," he says. "Now the Belgians
will submit to whatever the Americans say." Mallat won't accept this.
"We are making the case in the next session of the Belgian court that
if they want to 'transfer' the case to Israel, that's all fine - but our
clients won't be allowed to set foot in Israel. So how can there be a fair
trial?" In February, Belgium's highest court, the court of cassation,
decided the case should go forward, though Sharon, as a head of state,
had immunity. In June the appeal court in Brussels confirmed the decision.
After this, Sharon and another defendant, an Israeli officer also charged
with war crimes, withdrew from the court proceedings. "The latest
thing is that Rumsfeld is not happy with the changes in the Belgian law
- even though the Americans now have to be tried by American courts,"
says Mallat. "The Belgian government panicked and said 'we'll change
the law again'."
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- "It's finished," says Mohamed Shaukat in the
yard where his father was murdered. "The political situation around
the world is different today. In the past, I was convinced we would have
justice. But now America is a monster ... and they can terrorize the world.
The Belgians will submit to their orders." Mallat takes a more legalistic
view. "Do the Americans now want to say 'we are the same as Sharon'?
Do they really want that? Because Sabra and Shatilla was a war crime."
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