- NEW ORLEANS (AP) --The
population of oceanic white-tip shark, once among the world's most common
tropical sharks, has plummeted by 99% since the 1950s and the species is
nearly extinct in the Gulf of Mexico, scientists reported on Wednesday.
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- The study published in the journal Ecology Letters blamed
overfishing and called for new restrictions, but federal fisheries officials
said the study was flawed and further assessments are needed.
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- Biology professors Julia K Baum and Ransom A Myers based
their research on a comparison of data compiled by the US government in
the 1950s and data collected by trained observers aboard fishing boats
in the 1990s.
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- "They're not extinct, but there's virtually none
left. This requires a drastic reduction in the amount of fishing,"
said Myers, a professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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- In addition to the oceanic white-tip shark, the study
also found sharp drops in two other species in the Gulf: the silky shark,
down 90% since the 1950s, and the mako, down 79%.
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- However, federal fisheries officials questioned those
findings, saying silky and mako sharks can be found closer to shore than
the area studied in Baum and Myers's research.
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- Chris Rogers, a fishery management specialist at the
National Marine Fisheries Service, also said comparing data from the 1950s
and the 1990s could be misleading, partly because the sharks studied are
highly migratory and their populations can fluctuate widely.
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- Sceptic
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- In May 2003, Myers published a study in the journal Nature
reporting a 90% decline in large predatory fish in the world's oceans in
50 years. That study also drew scepticism from commercial fishermen.
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- The latest study was funded by the Pew Fellows Programme
in Marine Conservation at the University of Miami.
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- An advocate for US fishermen disputed the study as a
whole, saying its authors failed to recognise that changes in fishing technology
over the past 20 years had drastically reduced the amount of sharks accidentally
caught by fishermen going for tuna or other fish.
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- "This study is not science. It's pretty random speculation,"
said Nelson Beiderman, executive director of the Blue Water Fishermen's
Association.
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- But Myers said previous studies have shown that changes
in fishing technology had little effect on accidental shark catches. He
said fishermen in the 1950s reported that these white-tip sharks were everywhere
in the open Gulf. Now they are rarely seen, he said.
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- "In descriptions from earlier studies, scientists
were astounded at how abundant white-tips were," he said.
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