- Many animal experiments may be of little benefit to treating
human disease, according to experts.
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- Much of the research is poorly conducted and not thoroughly
evaluated, say scientists at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine.
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- They are now urging a systematic review of all existing
animal research before new experiments are carried out.
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- The findings, published in the British Medical Journal,
have boosted animal rights groups.
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- However, on the same day that the BMJ paper is published,
the Royal Society has produced a guide which says humanity has benefited
immensely from scientific research involving animals.
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- The society, which is the UK's national academy of science,
says virtually every medical achievement in the past century has been reliant
on the use of animals in some way.
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- In contrast, the London School of Hygiene scientists
question the point of some animal experiments, citing examples where research
has been badly designed or where it has been carried out alongside human
trials, rendering it unnecessary.
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- In reaching their conclusions, the London team carried
out a systematic review of all animal experiments which purported to have
clinical relevance to humans.
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- They found many weaknesses and believe animal testing
needs to be reviewed.
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- "We are only asking that the same standards as are
applied in human research are applied to animal research, said Professor
Ian Roberts, one of the authors of the report.
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- "We would not tolerate haphazard potentially biased
reviews of human research so why should we tolerate this for animal research?
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- "New research, whether in animals or humans, should
only be carried out after a proper systematic review of the existing research.
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- "What's more, comparing results from systematic
reviews of animal and human research will allow us to assess the contribution
of animal research to improving human health."
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- Testing benefits
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- The team stress they are neither in favour of or opposed
to animal experiments.
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- Professor Colin Blakemore, chief executive of the Medical
Research Council (MRC), backed the Royal Society's stance.
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- He said: "Animal research has contributed to virtually
every area of medicine.
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- "Antibiotics, vaccines, heart surgery and kidney
transplants have all been discovered and tested through animal studies.
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- "However, it's imperative that animal research is
properly evaluated before the results are transferred to medical practice.
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- "The sample size of this BMJ study is small, but
the authors have identified some ineffective clinical treatments that were
based on inadequate analysis of results from animal research."
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- He stressed that animal studies have indicated when it
is not appropriate to move to human trials as much as when it is.
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- The MRC's policy is that animals must only be used where
it is strictly necessary and we are committed to developing alternatives
to animal research.
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- He pointed out that the vast majority of the animal research
work funded by the MRC is not for trials of new drugs but for studies of
disease processes and how the body works.
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- "Where we do fund clinical trials of potential new
treatments, we expect animal studies to be completed before human studies
begin," he said.
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- "Furthermore, researchers are expected to demonstrate
what potential positive or negative effects have been found in animals."
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- Animal rights groups say the BMJ paper is a major breakthrough
in the scientific community's willingness to debate the issue of animal
experiments and whether they work.
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- National Anti-vivisection Society chief executive Jan
Creamer said: "Currently, we only see the results of animal experiments
years after they have occurred - when the researcher publishes the work.
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- "This can be between three and 10 years after the
event. So the debate about whether animals should have been used takes
place too late.
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- "We want to shift this to the position where there
is full public scrutiny before a licence is granted."
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- © BBC MMIV
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- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3489952.stm
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