- BESLAN, Russia ó Zinaida
Urutskoyeva was awake for most of the second night she spent in the gymnasium
at Middle School No. 1. It was hard to sleep on the cold floor, packed
shoulder to shoulder with other hostages. But she remembers her short dream
well.
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- "I dreamed of having some water before I died,"
the Grade 3 teacher recalled. It was Friday, Sept. 3, and like most other
hostages at Middle School No. 1, she had had nothing to eat or drink since
Wednesday, the first day of the deadly siege.
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- Dozens of people had already been killed ó most
of them men who, survivors say, were the most physically fit and may have
been considered a threat by the militants who seized the school. The remaining
hostages had been reduced to drinking their own urine.
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- But even after more than 40 hours of terror, the hostages
now say, they could feel something different in the air on Friday morning.
Their captors' collective mood had changed for the worse. They had become
more hostile to the schoolchildren, teachers and parents they held at their
mercy. For some reason, they seemed to know the police were going to make
a move.
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- "There will be a storm today. We'll make a bloody
mess of you," one of the hostage-takers told those around him in the
gym.
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- The true story of the Beslan hostage-taking is chilling,
gory and heart-rending. Survivors and witnesses tell stories of incredible
suffering, inhuman cruelty and acts of individual bravery during the three
days of hell that shocked the world and traumatized this tightly knit community.
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- On several important points, their stories contrast sharply
with the Kremlin's version of events.
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- There is no confirmation of Arab involvement, despite
the story the Russian government tells ó a tale backed by what is
probably pressured testimony from the sole surviving hostage-taker. Nor
is there information on the role played by "international terrorists,"
or about a motive other than forcing Russia to pull its troops out of Chechnya.
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- Witnesses across a wide spectrum agree that the gunmen
spoke Russian, even among themselves, and that most were either Chechens
or ethnic Ingush from Ingushetia, a region not far from Beslan. Others
may have been Slavic mercenaries.
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- Even at this late date, the numbers of dead and missing
don't add up. One ex-hostage died in hospital yesterday, bringing the official
death toll to 360, including 30 hostage-takers. But journalists who were
in the morgue in the chaotic first hours after the siege ended say they
saw more than 400 bodies.
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- The local Red Cross says about 200 families are still
looking for their kin, but authorities say only 90 bodies are still to
be identified.
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- Not included in the count are 38 body fragments, which
may increase the death toll.
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- Survivors also cast doubt on the Kremlin's assertion
that officials were actively seeking a negotiated end to the crisis. They
say the hostage-takers frequently expressed frustration at not being able
to get authorities to talk to them, and told the hostages they expected
the police to storm the school at any minute.
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- And they say their captors appeared to believe authorities
were deliberately misleading the public about the number of hostages, in
order to be able to lie about the number of dead if the drama ended badly.
Officials said during the siege that there were 354 captives, but there
were more than 1,200.
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- The gunmen were annoyed at seeing the lower figure reported,
recalled Margarita Komoyeva, a teacher who was huddled in the gym with
her three daughters. "They told us that if the authorities are saying
there's just this number of people inside, they will be storming ó
get ready for the storm," she said.
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- ------
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- Even before sunrise on Friday morning, tension had begun
to build. The previous day, the militants had released some of the youngest
children and their mothers after a visit by the former president of Ingushetia,
Ruslan Aushev. But shortly after 1 a.m. they fired a rocket-propelled grenade
at government forces surrounding the school, injuring one police officer.
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- Petrified hostages watched after daybreak as the gunmen
began rearranging the explosives they had set up on the first day, placing
more of them near the gym windows in apparent anticipation of an attack.
They forced small boys to stand in the windows as human shields.
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- Children who only a day before had been chanting for
water sat in silence, sensing the new, more dangerous mood. Survivors recalled
trying to inch closer to the exits, hoping to save themselves and their
families from whatever came next.
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- The siege leader was a man referred to by his followers
as Colonel.
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- Zara Medzeva, a 65-year-old grandmother, said she heard
him speaking Russian as he used his mobile phone to call someone outside
the building, apparently an official negotiator.
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- The Colonel said: "We've done our part. We've done
what was asked of us. What should we do now?" Ms. Medzeva recalled.
He apparently didn't like the answer he received, because he slammed his
phone down and shouted: "How long should we wait?"
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- It was barely minutes after 1 p.m. when the bloodbath
began. Exactly how it was triggered remains unclear.
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- What is known is that negotiations suspended early in
the morning were back on track. At 12:45 p.m. the hostage-takers agreed
to let rescuers from the Ministry of Emergency Situations retrieve about
20 corpses that had been rotting in the sun since being thrown from a second-floor
window early in the siege.
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- As they approached the school, an explosion rocked the
gym. Many hostages believe a mine suspended from a wire between two basketball
hoops, attached only by tape, came unglued and fell into the crowd below.
But no one seems to have seen this happen, and the story appears to be
based on the fact that many of the hostages had stared at the hanging explosives
for three days, worried they weren't firmly attached.
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- In other accounts, a mine was set off when someone accidentally
touched a foot pedal rigged as a detonator. In another version, floated
by the Kremlin, the hostage-takers quarrelled just before the explosion,
with one group wanting to escape while others planned to fight to the death.
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- Whatever the cause, the explosion occurred on the west
side of the gym. "When the first bomb exploded, it felt as though
everything inside me were on fire," said Alik Sagolov, a 54-year-old
physical-education teacher who was sitting perhaps 20 metres away. "I
put my hand to my chest ó I thought my chest was injured. Then came
the second explosion." A week afterward he popped heart medication
as he walked through the ruins of the school. "I just said to myself
'God save me,' and covered my head."
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- Soslan Beteyev, 12, was stationed by a window as a human
shield when the shock wave hit him. "I was just about to step down
from the window and there was an explosion, and I fell on some children,"
he said. "I tried to get up again and there was another explosion.
There was panic and everybody tried to get out." He spoke so fast
he was almost incomprehensible, his words spilling into each other without
pauses, as if he had gone over it a million times in his head.
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- Soslan climbed out a window and dashed across the courtyard
to a store on the edge of the school property. He escaped, along with Ms.
Komoyeva's two older daughters, who had been forced to stay behind when
their mother was allowed to leave on Thursday with her youngest child.
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- "They were shooting at our backs," Soslan said
robotically. His arms and back were covered in tiny shrapnel wounds, but
it was his mind that seemed to have suffered the most damage.
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- Asked why he returned to the school, he broke into tears.
"I don't know," he said. "I thought maybe I could help find
some of the missing."
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- ------
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- The chaos spread outside the gym after the initial explosion.
The hostage-takers, apparently believing it was the beginning of a police
effort to storm the building, began firing on the emergency workers and
then on hostages trying to escape.
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- Security forces outside had ruled out using force to
free the hostages, and had no set plan for seizing the building. But with
the shooting, they decided they had no choice but to move in.
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- "When they started killing civilians, there were
no other options," said Vitaly, an Interior Ministry officer who was
crouching behind a tree about 50 metres from the gym door when the order
came. The operation, he said, was made up as it went along. "It was
a total mess."
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- After the second explosion, the remaining militants moved
around the smoke-filled gymnasium looking for survivors. They rounded up
everyone moving and took them down the hall to the school cafeteria, planning
to make a final stand.
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- Mr. Sagolov was one of several hostages who fled upstairs
in the confusion and hid behind a curtain on the stage of the assembly
hall. They were discovered and also taken to the cafeteria.
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- "The terrorists were shouting 'hurry up ó
walk quickly or we will kill you,'." said Ruslan Margiyev, a short-haired
12-year-year-old, who by this point was bleeding from a shrapnel wound
to his hand. "But we were afraid to step on the corpses."
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- Bullets were pouring into the cafeteria from outside,
he said. He took cover behind an oven, but the hostage-takers ordered the
children toward the window. "They said, 'if you do not wave a cloth
in the window, we will kill all of you.'."
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- One woman got up on her knees and was hit in the chest
by two bullets fired from outside. Eight-year-old Zaur Bitsiyev, whom Ruslan
recognized, was killed at the same time ó shot in the back by someone
in the cafeteria.
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- A Russian spetznaz, or special-forces officer, stepped
through the window and told Ruslan to run. The officer was shot and killed
by a Chechen who had been hiding in the kitchen, his body falling on top
of the boy. Ruslan said he hid under the body until the shooting ended,
protected by the soldier's bulletproof vest.
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- Vitaly, the Interior Ministry officer, was among the
first of the troops to reach the blackened shell of the gym. "I saw
a sea of blood and corpses ó adults and children ó all over
the gymnasium," he said, his husky voice dropping low. "Everything
was burned. It was impossible to recognize anything."
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- ------
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- Mr. Aushev, the former Ingushetia president, said that
even after the initial explosion, negotiations might still have worked
if it hadn't been for well-armed local citizens ó many of them with
family inside the building ó who decided to take matters into their
own hands.
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- Shortly after the first bomb went off, he spoke by telephone
with the hostage-takers. He later told the Novaya Gazeta newspaper they
were convinced the explosion was the beginning of a police operation to
storm the building, but were willing to stop shooting if the Russian forces
outside did the same.
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- "They said, 'We have stopped shooting, you are shooting,'."
he said. "We gave the command to stop the shooting. But a stupid 'third
force' intervened ........Some militia with assault rifles decided to free
the hostages themselves, and they opened fire at that school."
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- Kazbek Torchinov, a former deputy in the local parliament,
said that version of events fits with what he saw from the window of his
home opposite the school. "Armed civilians opened fire first. I called
the operations centre and said 'What the hell are you doing?'."
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- None of the survivors saw Arabs for sure during the siege.
Twelve-year-old Soslan said one man "might have been an Arab,"
but the rest were Chechens and Ingush and possibly some Russians and Ossetians.
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- "They had Chechen and Ingush accents," Ms.
Komoyeva recalled. "By appearance they were Chechens, but when Aushev
came, we realized some were Ingush."
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- Beyond ending the war between Russian troops and separatist
forces in Chechnya, the only demand the hostage-takers made was for the
release of 24 Chechen and Ingush fighters detained after a raid on Nazran,
capital of Ingushetia, in June.
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- The Kremlin's claim that 10 of the hostages were Arabs
was repeated by President Vladimir Putin. But Prosecutor-General Vladimir
Ustinov contradicted his bosses, saying no Arabs were among the corpses
identified. Those whose names are known are Chechens and Ingush, apparently
members of a unit led by notorious warlord Shamil Basayev ó a thorn
in Russia's side for 10 years.
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- Many in the region known as North Ossetia, where Beslan
is located, are talking about taking revenge against the neighbouring Ingush
as soon as the 40-day Orthodox Christian period of mourning is over. The
Caucasus is often compared to the Balkans, Ossetians and Ingush are historical
rivals, and fear is high that the Chechen war is about to be regionalized.
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- But although Ms. Medzeva, the grandmother, would like
to see the guilty punished, she is even more anxious to avoid a further
wave of killing.
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- "I wish I was dead and the small people were alive,"
she said through tears in the burnt-out gym, as a crowd of people listened,
silent with sorrow. "But enough war. Enough bloodshed.
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- "I will even come to peace with the man who held
a gun to my head if it means this will not happen again."
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All Rights Reserved.
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