- In this Update:
-
- Canada
- ------
- [1] Health Canada, Surveillance Data 2004 Program (As
of Wed 22 Sep 2004)
-
- United States
- -------------
- [2] MMWR, CDC/ArboNET Report (Wed 22 Sep to Tue 28 Sep
2004)
- [3] Blood donor - Oregon
- [4] Decline in activity - Connecticut
-
- Mexico
- ------
- [5] Resumen Epidemiologico - As of Tue 23 Sep 2004
-
- ******
- [1] Canada
- Date: Thu 23 Sep 2004
- From: ProMED-mail promed@promedmail.org
- Source: Health Canada, Surveillance Data 2004 Program,
Wed 22 Sep 2004 [edited]
- http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/wnv-vwn/mon_e.html
-
- [The Health Canada web-site, which is normally revised
daily, has not been updated since 21/22 Sep 2004. The following data appeared
in ProMED-mail post "Virus update 2004 - Western Hemisphere (17)"
and are repeated here for ease of reference and consistency. - Mod.CP]
-
-
- Surveillance Data 2004 Data - As of Wed 22 Sep 2004
- ---------------------------------------------------
- Human Cases (As of 21 Sep 2004)
- ------------------------------
- As of Tue 21 Sep 2004 the number of human cases in Canada
has been revised and the total is now 21 confirmed cases, an increase of
1 case since 15 Sep 2004. There have been 3 confirmed cases in Manitoba
(unchanged, but reclassified as one neuroinvasive and 2 fever), 9 in Ontario
(up one - 6 neuroinvasive, 2 fever, and one unspecified), and 9 in Saskatchewan
(unchanged - all fever). In addition, there are 2 neuroinvasive cases in
Ontario which are considered to be travel-related. There have been no deaths.
-
- Dead Bird Test Results (As of Wed 22 Sep 2004)
- ----------------------------------------------
- Province / Tested / Presumed Positive / Confirmed Positive
-
- for chart see
- http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/wnv-vwn/mon_e.html
-
-
- [An additional 96 dead birds have been tested since the
figures released 7 days ago on Wed 15 Sep 2004 and posted in the preceding
update. The number of confirmed West Nile virus-positive birds has increased
from 375 to 392 (plus 4 classified as presumed positives). Alberta, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan remain the only provinces to have reported
West Nile virus-positive birds in 2004. - Mod.CP]
-
- Equines and other domestic animals
- ---------------------------------
- As of Tue 21 Sep 2004, the total number of equine cases
in Canada is now given as 9: 3 (up one) confirmed positive cases in Alberta,
5 (unchanged) confirmed positive cases in Ontario, and one (up one)presumed
positive case in Quebec.
-
- Mosquito Pools
- --------------
- As of Tue 21 Sep 2004, 156 mosquito pools (an increase
of 19) have tested West Nile virus-positive: one (unchanged) in Alberta,
54 (unchanged) in Manitoba, 59 (up 10) in Ontario, 12 (up 6) in Quebec
and 30 (up 3) in Saskatchewan. These 5 are the only provinces to report
WNV-positive mosquito pools in 2004 so far.
-
- --
- ProMED-mail
- <promed@promedmail.org>
-
- [The provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward
Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Yukon Territory,
Northwest Territories and Nunavut have not reported confirmed cases of
West Nile virus in 2004 so far. - Mod.CP]
-
- ******
- [2] USA
- Date: Thu 30 Sep 2004
- From: ProMED-mail promed@promedmail.org
- Source: CDC website [edited]
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5338a4.htm
-
-
- West Nile Virus Activity -- United States: Wed 22 Sep
to Tue 28 Sep 2004
- -------------------------------------------------
- Human Cases
- -----------
- During the period Wed 22 Sep 2004 to Tue 28 Sep 2004,
a total of 180 cases of human West Nile virus (WNV) illness were reported
in the District of Columbia (DC) and 24 states (Alabama, Arizona, California,
Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming).
-
- During 2004, a total of 40 states have reported 1784
cases of human WNV illness to CDC through ArboNET (see Table)). Of these,
563 (32 percent) cases were reported in California, 362 (20 percent) in
Arizona, and 225 (13 percent) in Colorado. A total of 1015 (58 percent)
of the 1752 cases for which such data were available occurred in males;
the median age of patients was 51 years (range: 1 month to 99 years). Illness
onset ranged from 23 Apr 2004 to 18 Sep 2004; a total of 56 cases were
fatal.
-
- Table: Number of human cases of WNV illness by state
-- United States 2004
-
- State / Neuroinvasion* / West Nile fever** / Other***/
Total****/ Deaths
for chart see....
- APHIS-USDA map http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/equine/wnv/map2004.html.
-
- Totals / 632 / 721 / 431 / 1784 / 56
-
- Notes:
- As of Tue 28 Sep 2004; * Cases with neurologic manifestations
(e.g. WN meningitis, WN encephalitis, WN myelitis) ** Cases with no evidence
of neuroinvasion *** Illnesses for which sufficient clinical information
was not provided **** Total number of human cases of WNV illness reported
to ArboNET by state and local health departments.
-
- Blood Donors
- ------------
- A total of 157 presumptive West Nile viremic blood donors
(PVDs) have been reported to ArboNET in 2004. Of these, 53 (34 percent)
were reported in California; 37 (24 percent) in Arizona; 15 in Texas; 12
in New Mexico; 5 each in Colorado, Louisiana, and Nevada; 4 in Georgia;
3 each in Florida, Oklahoma, and South Dakota; 2 each in Minnesota, Missouri,
and Wisconsin; and one each in Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, North
Dakota, and Pennsylvania. Of the 157 PVDs, 3 persons aged 35, 69, and 77
years subsequently had neuroinvasive illness, and 36 persons (median age:
53 years; range: 17 to 73 years) subsequently had West Nile fever.
-
- Dead Birds
- ----------
- In addition, during 2004, a total of 4400 dead corvids
and 1054 other dead birds with WNV infection have been reported in 45 states
and New York City.
-
- Equines
- -------
- WNV infections have been reported in horses in 35 states.
-
- [Details of the numbers and distribution of equine cases
can be obtained by accessing the APHIS-USDA map http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/equine/wnv/map2004.html.
-
- As of Wed 22 Sep 2004 (the last date of update), the
total number of equine cases in the USA in 2004 now stands at 759, an increase
of 102 cases since 16 Sep 2004. California heads the list with 327 cases
(43 percent of the total), followed by Arizona with 86 cases, Nevada with
70 cases, Texas with 41 cases, Wyoming with 30 cases, Colorado with 25
cases, and another 29 states with 24 or fewer cases. The following states
have not reported cases in 2004: Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New
York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont and Washington.
- Mod.CP]
-
- Other Animals
- --------------
- West Nile virus infection has been confirmed in one bat
in Wisconsin, 5 dogs in Nevada and New Mexico, 3 squirrels in Arizona,
and 13 unidentified animal species in 8 states (Arizona, Idaho, Illinois,
Iowa, Missouri, Nevada, New York, and South Carolina).
-
- Sentinel Chickens and Others
- ----------------------------
- WNV seroconversions have been reported in 858 sentinel
chicken flocks in 13 states (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware,
Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Nebraska, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
and Utah) and in 25 wild hatchling birds in Missouri and Ohio. 4 seropositive
sentinel horses were reported in Minnesota and Puerto Rico.
-
- Mosquitoes
- ----------
- A total of 6156 WNV-positive mosquito pools have been
reported in 34 states, DC, and New York City.
-
- Additional information about national WNV activity is
available from CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm
and at http://westnilemaps.usgs.gov.
-
- [The above report is supplemented by a figure showing
the location of the 40 states reporting cases of human WNV infection in
relation to the states reporting non-human cases of WNV infection only
and the 3 remaining states still to report human cases of WNV this year.
-
- During the past 7 days, the number of human cases has
increased by 180 from 1604 to 1784, and the total number of WNV-related
deaths has increased by 8 from 48 to 56. The District of Columbia has been
added to the list of states reporting human cases of WNV infection in 2004.
- Mod.CP]
-
- --
- ProMED-mail
- <promed@promedmail.org>
-
- ******
- [3] USA (Oregon)
- Date Wed 29 Sep 2004
- From: Marianne Hopp mjhopp12@yahoo.com
- Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, News Release,
Mon 27 Sep 2004
- [edited]
- http://www.dhs.state.or.us/news/2004news/2004-0927.html
-
-
- Oregon: West Nile Virus Detected in Blood Donor
- -----------------------------------------------
- A Jackson County blood donor is the 2nd person in Oregon
to test positive for West Nile virus, according to public health and American
Red Cross officials. "The test indicates this person, who was not
ill, was infected with West Nile virus," said Emilio De Bess, D.V.M.,
epidemiologist in the Oregon Department of Human Services (DHS). "This
person's blood donation will not be used," said DeBess. "The
test was done as part of routine Red Cross screening of blood donation.
The nation's blood supply has been tested for West Nile since July 2003."
-
- The blood supply is routinely tested for West Nile virus
because recipients of blood and blood products can acquire the illness
from an infected donor.
-
- "This shows that the processes in place to assure
safety of the nation's blood supply are working," said Mel Kohn, M.D.,
state epidemiologist. "It does not in any way signify there is a risk
of acquiring West Nile from giving blood. We continue to advise people
to give blood, as there is always a need for it." Any blood that tests
positive is eliminated from the supply, according to Kohn.
-
- "This case is a reminder to residents that they
should get the habit of protecting themselves from mosquito bites,"
said Jim Shames, M.D., Jackson County Health Officer. "Many _Culex_
species mosquitoes, which are the primary carriers of West Nile virus,
will survive over winter as adults," said Shames. "It's very
important to eliminate breeding sites this fall and especially next spring."
-
- DeBess said that in 2003, of those individuals identified
as having an exposure to West Nile in blood screening -- 89 percent --
reported no symptoms.
-
- [This case is additional to those listed in the MMWR
report. - Mod.CP]
-
- ******
- [4] USA (Connecticut)
- Date: Mon 27 Sep 2004
- From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
- Source The Stamford Advocate, 23 Sep 2004 [edited]
- http://www.stamfordadvocate.com
-
-
- Connecticut: Figures Show Dramatic Drop in Virus Presence
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- West Nile Virus appears to be on the decline in Connecticut
and across the northeast, say experts. Figures show that the number of
infected mosquitoes, birds and humans in the state has fallen this year,
Theodore Andreadis, chief medical entomologist for Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, said on Wed 22 Sep 2004. "The question that we're
all going to be trying to deal with here is: Is this decline we're seeing
real?" Andreadis said.
-
- "I don't think the virus is going to disappear.
What we may see on an annual basis is low levels of activity." It
is possible that birds, which carry the virus, are developing an immunity
to it and so fewer mosquitoes develop [transmit] the disease, Andreadis
said.
-
- In 2002 and 2003, there were 17 human cases of West Nile
each year in Connecticut. This year [2004] there has been one, and the
person likely contracted the virus in the western part of the country,
health officials have said. In Connecticut, the number of birds with the
virus is down by more than 500 from 2003 to 18 birds. The high point came
in 2000 when 1039 sick birds were found. The state's mosquito-trapping
program has also turned up fewer insects [mosquitoes] with West Nile virus
infection, down from 71 in 2003 to 41 so far in 2004, according to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
- ******
- [5] Mexico
- Date: Thu 30 Sep 2004
- From: ProMED-mail promed@promedmail.org
- Source: National Center for Epidemiologic Surveillance
of Mexico web-site,
- Resumen Epidemiologico, Thu 21 Sep 2004 [edited]
- http://www.cenave.gob.mx/von/default.asp?id=43
-
-
- Mexico: West Nile Virus Infection Surveillance Data as
of Thu 23 Sep 2004
- --------------------------------------------------
- [The following figures have been extracted from the Resumen
Epidemiologico file
- (http://www.cenave.gob.mx/von/archivos/ResumenCASOSVON.xls)
- accompanying the pictorial Maps of West Nile Virus Activity
in Mexico. -
- Mod.CP]
-
- Cumulative totals - Humans
- --------------------------
- As of Thu 23 Sep 2004, the figures remain unchanged from
those reported on Tue 9 Sep 2004; i.e. a total of 210 individuals resident
in 25 of the 32 states have been tested for evidence of West Nile virus
infection: 209 were seronegative and asymptomatic, and one individual in
the state of Sonora exhibited signs of disease. [see: West Nile virus -
Mexico (Sonora) 20040905.2486]
-
- Cumulative totals - Equines
- ---------------------------
- As of Thu 23 Sep 2004, a total of 2706 (an increase of
307) horses from 30 of the 32 states have been tested for evidence of West
Nile virus infection. Of these animals 2040 (an increase of 277) were seronegative
and 666 (an increase of 30) were seropositive. All these animals were
asymptomatic.
-
- Cumulative totals - Birds
- -------------------------
- As of Thu 23 Sep 2004, a total of 738 birds from 7 of
the 32 states have been tested for evidence of West Nile virus infection.
Of these birds 685 were seronegative and 51 were seropositive (and considered
to be asymptomatic), and one case in the state of Sonora and one case in
the state of Baja California exhibited signs of disease. (Previously both
birds appear to have been assigned to the state of Sonora). The seropositive
birds were detected in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro and
Yucatan.
-
- [Sonora state, where the single human case and one of
the 2 avian cases were confirmed, shares its northern border with the state
of Arizona in the USA. The majority (35 percent) of the seropositive equines
were reported from Sonora state. - Mod.CP]
-
- --
- ProMED-mail
-
- WEST NILE VIRUS, AVIAN - USA (HAWAII) (03): NOT
- ********************************************
-
- Date: Thu 30 Sep 2004
- From: David Duffy <dduffy@hawaii.edu>
- Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, News Release,
Thu 30 Sep 2004
- [edited]
- www.hawaii.gov/health
-
-
- Hawaii: West Nile Virus Sample Confirmed Negative
- ------------------------------------------------
- The Hawaii State Department of Health has received a
negative confirmation from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) on test results from a blood sample taken from a live sparrow collected
at the Kahului Airport last week. "We are very pleased that the test
result is negative," said State Epidemiologist Dr. Paul Effler.
-
- "While these results are reassuring, we will remain
vigilant in our coordinated efforts to minimize the chances of West Nile
virus reaching Hawaii. West Nile virus is still a potential threat to
Hawaii, as the disease continues to spread throughout the mainland and
particularly on the West Coast. We appreciate the public's efforts to turn
in dead birds to collection sites and report dead birds by telephone (call
211). It is very important that we all continue to turn in dead birds for
testing and reduce mosquito-breeding sites around our homes and work places,"
said Dr. Effler.
-
- Testing of dead birds is critical to identifying and
controlling the spread of West Nile virus. Anyone finding a freshly dead
bird should collect the bird in a plastic bag and deliver it to the nearest
designated collection site. Birds collected are tested by the Department
of Health's State Laboratory. A complete list of collection sites is available
at http://www.hawaii.gov/health, or call 211 for further information.
-
- Dr. Effler said last week's mosquito spraying and larviciding
at Kahului and Honolulu Airports enhanced the state's continuing preventative
measures to eliminate mosquitoes at potential entry points for West Nile
Virus. Residents, businesses, schools and landowners are also asked to
eliminate standing water from their property and work sites to get rid
of places mosquito can breed. The Department of Health will continue to
work with county, state, federal and private sector partners on bird and
mosquito surveillance and mosquito control activities. For more information,
visit the Department of Health web site at http://www.hawaii.gov/health
or consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) site at
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm
-
- -- David Cameron Duffy
- Professor of Botany and Unit Leader
- Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU)
- University of Hawai`i
- 3190 Maile Way St. John 410
- Honolulu, HI 96822-2279
- dduffy@hawaii.edu
-
- [The initial report stated that a wild sparrow found
at Kahului Airport has tested positive for West Nile virus. The above
report indicates that the sparrow was alive at the time of sampling. It
would be interesting to know the circumstances surrounding this incident
and why it was considered appropriate to test this bird for West Nile virus
infection. - Mod.CP]
-
-
-
- Patricia A. Doyle, PhD
- Please visit my "Emerging Diseases" message
board at: http://www.clickitnews.com/ubbthreads/postlist.php?
Cat=&Board=emergingdiseases
- Zhan le Devlesa tai sastimasa
- Go with God and in Good Health
|
