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1918 Flu Hemmorhagic
Symptoms Similar To Ebola

From Patricia Doyle, PhD
dr_p_doyle@hotmail.com
3-18-5



Hello, Jeff - I will try to find more on this. I am wondering, and holding my breath, regarding the odd cases of a hemorrhagic virus in Angola, re: possibly being bird flu.
 
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CID/journal/
issues/v31n6/000949/000949.text.html
 
Excerpt:
 
The course of disease during fall 1918 was often swift. Convalescence in survivors was protracted, with fatigue, weakness, and depression frequently lasting for weeks [3, 2023]. Symptoms presented suddenly: high-grade fever and rigors, severe headache and myalgias, cough, pharyngitis, coryza, and in some cases epistaxis. Some patients had mild illness and recuperated without incident. Other patients were stricken quickly and severely, with symptoms and signs consistent with HEMORRHAGIC pneumonia, and died within days and sometimes hours. Autopsies revealed inflamed hemorrhagic lungs. Still other patients with more typical flu developed severe superinfection with bacterial pneumonia, resulting in death or a laborious recovery. Unusually lethal, Spanish flu was also distinct in killing what was typically the cohort least vulnerable to influenza, 20- to 40-year-olds.
 
The disease's incidence, severity, and pattern of spread baffled laypeople and experts alike [3, 4, 20, 21]. Doctors debated possible pathogens, with no final consensus: Pfeiffer's bacillus (presumed cause of influenza since the 18891990 pandemic but rarely isolated from 1918 victims); Yersinia pestis (because of migrating laborers from China, the site of pneumonic plague outbreaks in 19101917); Streptococcus species, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus species (cultured from specimens from patients with Spanish flu); and a hypothesized "filtrable virus" (based on experiments that produced an infectious filtrate after removing known microorganisms) were all suggested as possible etiologies. Popular explanations included the foul atmosphere conjured by the war's rotting corpses, mustard gas, and explosions; a covert German biological weapon; spiritual malaise due to the sins of war and materialism; and conditions fostered by the European conflict and overall impoverishment.
 
During the fall, the disease moved swiftly through US cities. Acute absenteeism among critical personnel strained industrial production, government services (e.g., sanitation, law enforcement, fire fighting, postal delivery), and maintenance of basic infrastructure (e.g., transportation, communications, health care, food supply) [3, 22, 24]. Given the incomplete disease reporting, inaccurate diagnoses, and circumscribed census practices of the day, morbidity and mortality figures are conservative estimates [3, 19]. Twenty-eight percent of Americans became ill, and there were 550,000 deaths in excess of what is normally expected during influenza season [3]. The case-fatality rate associated with Spanish flu has been estimated at 2.5% [20], but this rate more likely represents the experience of the developed world. Africa and Asia had fall death rates an order of magnitude higher than those of Europe and North America (e.g., India, 42006700 deaths per 100,000 population; England, 490 deaths per 100,000 population) [19].
 
Also:
http://www.uwosh.edu/departments/biology/1918FLUSHORS/Spanishflu.html
 
Vaccine and Supply 1918 Project The Flu Family Flu Facts There is Evidence that
the Spanish Flu Did have Hemorrhagic Symptoms 1918 Influenza Video Resources PBS ...
www.uwosh.edu/departments/ biology/1918FLUSHORS/Spanishflu.html - 10k - Cached - Similar pages
 
and
 
http://www.whale.to/v/spanish.html
 
There is evidence that the Spanish Flu did have hemorrhagic symptoms. Vickie Menear, MD and homeopath, was doing some research on Flu for her class at Hahnemann Homeopathic College, Albany, California, when she ran into a great deal of literature that supports this possibility. I called her and she said that if you had questions, she'd be happy too answer them. Again, Email me and I'll give you her phone number. In the meantime, let me quote some of her source material. If you are interested in following up this new "lead" on the Spanish Flu epidemic, this is a good place to start. Here are the references:
 
1. THE PLAGUE OF THE SPANISH LADY: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 by Richard Collier, Atheneum Publishing, New York, 1974
 
Page 8: "If there was anyone at Devens (the Army base) who could be depended upon as a pillar of strength, it was this safe of Johns Hopkins. But when he saw the wet lungs of influenza pneumonia in the fall of 1918, the pillar trembled. "This must be some new kind of infection...or plague."
 
Dr. Menear has a list of other books and articles supporting the hemorrhagic symptoms of the Spanish Flu. Should you want the list published here, on OUTBREAK, I'll be happy to call her and get it sent to you. She also has information on Crotalus Horridus being utilized as a remedy during the pandemic.
 
I can only note that the symptoms of the 1918 "influenza" and the Ebola of 1995, have marked similarities .
 
My percentages of homeopathic remedies used versus traditional medicine (drugs) during 1918 influenza come from an article that appeared in Homeopathy Today, January, 1990. It was the following and I'll quote:
 
"Dean W.A. Pearson of Philadelphia (Hahnemann College) collected 26,795 cases of (1918) influenza treated by homeopathic physicians with a mortality rate of 1.05 percent while the average old school (traditional medicine/drugs) mortality was 30 percent."
 
_____
 
Update
3-19-5
 
Hi Jeff -
 
I want to be sure that people know my theory that a H5N1 pandemic strain sustaining human-to-human transmission might cause hemorrhagic symptoms in some has grounding in good science. Case history background of previous virulent pandemic strains can give us some insight into how a future pandemic strain might act, however, scientific data is also imperative to uphold my theory of hemorrhagic symptoms in an avian influenza human outbreak.
 
This resource does back up the hisotry of hemorrhagic symptoms in the 1918 flu and also explains the mechanism for such symptoms.
 
It is not my intent to scare people about a possible coming outbreak. I simply look at all of the data on the subject and make personal judgement on what may or may not occur in the future should the virus become pandemic. It is my belief that people should have as much informaiton as possible which would enable them to plan ahead. I think that there would be much more "fear" if people woke up and found themselves in the middle of an outbreak. If people have advance warning they will be better prepared to act. People who are aware of possibilities can spend time researching the data and arriving at their own conclusions.
 
Just as the cytokine reaction in SARS did cause hemorrhagic symptoms in some cases, virulent pandemic strains of influenza, like the Spanish Flu also cause the inflamatory cytokines in the lungs and the hemorrhagic pneumonia.
 
"These viruses were also more pathogenic, not simply because they were associated with increased levels of in vivo replication but also because they stimulated massive increases in the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected mice. The mice infected with HAsp-containing virus had increased recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of lung infection and had severe hemorrhage resembling the hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with human infections during the 1918?C1919 pandemic. "
 
Hope the information helps,
 
Patricia Doyle
 
http://www.flu.org.cn/resources/20041292434.htm
 
Excerpt:
 
Over the past century, three influenza pandemics occurred because of the emergence of novel influenzaviruses to which little or no immunity existed. In 1918 and 1919, the "Spanish" influenza pandemic killed more than 20 million people, with many of the deaths due to an unusually severe, hemorrhagic pneumonia. Now, Kobasa and colleagues1 have used modern molecular methods to show that the hemagglutinin antigen from this strain (HAsp) is a key determinant of virulence.
 
Using reverse genetics, Kobasa et al.1 synthesized the HAsp and neuraminidase (NAsp) genes on the basis of the genetic sequences of the 1918?C1919 influenza2 strain and constructed influenzaviruses using one or both of these genes (Figure 1). The resulting viruses that expressed the HAsp protein were significantly more virulent than the wild-type strains in a mouse model, regardless of the neuraminidase antigenic subtype. These viruses were also more pathogenic, not simply because they were associated with increased levels of in vivo replication but also because they stimulated massive increases in the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected mice. The mice infected with HAsp-containing virus had increased recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of lung infection and had severe hemorrhage resembling the hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with human infections during the 1918?C1919 pandemic. Kobasa et al. went on to show that people born after 1920 have little or no serum-neutralizing activity against viruses expressing HAsp.
 
 
Patricia A. Doyle, PhD
Please visit my "Emerging Diseases" message board at: http://www.clickitnews.com/ubbthreads/postlist.php?
Cat=&Board=emergingdiseases
Zhan le Devlesa tai sastimasa
Go with God and in Good Health
 


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