- The new swine flu virus was first detected in Mexico
on April 23, 2009. A few days later, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) claimed the so-called "Mexican
flu" had infected more than 1000 people with 60 deaths. The novel
infectious agent was reported as a hybrid of pig, bird and human flu viruses,
including genetic elements from European and Asian swine viruses. The official
name of the virus is: Influenza A: subtype H1N1. Most puzzling about this
new swine virus is that the virus has not been detected in pigs or in pig
farmers. By May 9, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) declared that
up to 2 billion people could be infected worldwide if the current epidemic
continued to expand with repeated outbreaks. As of this writing (September,
2009), there are a total of 356,000 pandemic cases worldwide, with 3925
deaths. The three most infected countries are: United States (44,500 cases);
Australia (36.000); and Mexico (23,500).
-
-
- On April 29, Indonesian Health Minister Siti Fadilah
Supari, who had previously accused Western governments of making and spreading
viruses to boost pharmaceutical profits, said: "I'm not sure whether
the virus was genetically engineered but it's a possibility." Two
weeks later, in a Bloomberg Report, 75-year old Adrian Gibbs, an Australian
evolutionary virologist with impeccable academic credentials, shocked the
scientific world by suggesting the new strain of swine flu accidentally
evolved in eggs used to grow viruses for vaccines. Gibbs came to this conclusion
by analyzing the genetic blueprint of the virus. Not surprisingly, the
World Health Organization (W.H.O.) and the CDC were quick to note there
was no evidence for this assertion.
-
- One blogger answering the question: "Is the Swine
Flu a virus created by 'the government?" wrote: "The number one
thing that we all should strive to do is refrain from being suckered into
conspiracy theories. Such reactions do not help the situation and may even
impede the government from being able to respond properly. It's very easy
to fall prey to a conspiracy theory, especially if that theory is appealing
to our personal beliefs. It's even easier to fall prey to the pseudo-logic
that conspiracy theorists commonly use, just as it's easy for us to want
to blame the government for things. Whether the U.S. Government, or any
government or group, concocted this virus and were responsible for it getting
out in the wild (whether on purpose or by accident) isn't really the important
issue right now. The important issue lies in handling the situation properly
and trying to stop the outbreak before it gets worse if we can. We
need to treat the situation seriously, yet avoid panicking and doing things
that may make things worse.
-
- Emerging Viruses: Accident of Nature or Man-Made Creations?
-
- In the early 1970s doctors believed that many infectious
diseases had been banished from the industrialized world. But, remarkably,
over the last three decades more than 30 new "emerging diseases"
have appeared in various places. Some of the better-known diseases include
AIDS, SARS, Legionnaire's disease, toxic shock syndrome, Lyme disease,
hepatitis C, mad cow disease, hanta virus, various new encephalitis and
hemorrhagic viruses, Lassa fever, West Nile virus, and Ebola virus. Controversial
diseases like chronic fatigue syndrome and Gulf War Illness are not included
in the U.S. government's list of emerging diseases. In addition, older
diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and cholera, have re-emerged in
more virulent and drug-resistant forms.
-
- Could this outbreak of a new swine flu virus be some
sort of covert biologic "test" (like the anthrax mailings in
2001) to wake people up to the dangers of bioterrorism? Are all these new
emerging diseases and emerging viruses merely continuing (and unprecedented)
cruel acts of Mother Nature? Or could "the hand of man" in the
form of genetic engineers and/or biological warfare terrorists be involved
in these new outbreaks? Is it just a coincidence that all these weird bugs
and illnesses have erupted in the past three decades? Or is all this just
"paranoid" thinking?
-
- Health officials have never implicated the biological
warfare establishments of any country for any of these new diseases. Instead,
the blame has been placed on increased global travel and globalization,
population growth and movements, deforestation and reforestation programs,
human sexuality (in the case of HIV), and increased human contact with
tropical mini-forests and other wilderness habitats that are reservoirs
for insects and animals that harbor unknown infectious agents.
-
- Several days later after the epidemic was detected in
Mexico, health officials declared that "Patient Zero" was a 5
year-old boy from La Gloria, a small town in the State of Veracruz, four
hours away from Mexico City. By the end of the week, other officials uncovered
that earlier proven cases had occurred in the border area between California
and Mexico, thus raising speculation that the disease originated in the
U.S. Although there was no indication the pandemic was caused by pigs,
many people were fearful of eating pork, and pork farmers were facing
financial ruin.
-
- Even since AIDS, epidemiologists tend to routinely blame
many emerging diseases on animals and the transfer of their viruses to
humans via "species jumping." Scientists never mention the fact
that for many decades millions of animals and innumerable vials of infectious
animal tissue material have been shipped around the world for commercial
and biological warfare purposes.
-
- This world trade in deadly agents, coupled with the advanced
gene-splicing technology and species-jumping experiments beginning in the
1970s, has paralleled the increase in emerging diseases. In countless laboratories
around the world many newly engineered viruses have been seeded into
various species of animals. Some of these viruses have been adapted to
human tissue. The biological warfare implications of all these scientific
"advances" have led some conspiracy-minded people to suspect
out-of-control scientists as the source of one or more outbreaks of these
newly emerging diseases.
-
- Secret biowarfare experimentation on human populations
-
- It is surprising that Homeland Security and the CDC immediately
eliminated bioterrorism as a possible source of the new swine flu pandemic,
particularly when the government has a long and well-documented history
of biowarfare experimentation using unsuspecting citizens.
-
- During the 1950s and 60s secret military biowarfare attacks
took place in many parts of America. The most notorious was a six-day attack
on San Francisco in which clouds of potentially harmful bacteria were sprayed
over the city. Twelve people developed pneumonia due to the infectious
bacteria, and one elderly man died from the attack. This attack was not
revealed to the public until years later when classified documents were
finally released. In other classified experiments, the military sprayed
bacteria in New York City subways, in a Washington D.C. airport, and on
highways in Pennsylvania. Biowarfare testing also took place in military
bases in Virginia, in Key West (Florida), and off the coasts of Southern
California and Hawaii.
-
- The Army also experimented on its own soldiers. Secret
biowarfare experiments were performed at Fort Detrick between 1954 and
1973, exposing 2,300 Seventh-Day Adventist volunteers to germs causing
tularemia, malaria, anthrax, Queensland fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
encephalitis, and a host of other exotic diseases. The experiments were
aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and treating these diseases, as well as
the development of vaccines. No one died in the experiments, but critics
contend that the men were essentially coerced into participating in research
that, despite military assurances to the contrary, could have been used
to produce biowarfare weapons.
-
- During the Cold War years following World War II, thousands
of U.S. citizens were used as unsuspecting guinea pigs in over 4,000 secret
and classified radiation experiments conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission
and other agencies, such as the Department of Defense, the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, the Public Health Service (now the CDC),
the National Institutes of Health, the Veterans Administration, the CIA
and NASA.
-
- Not only is the public kept ignorant of biowarfare research,
but biowarfare "accidents" are officially covered-up, downplayed,
or simply blamed on animals. For example, the Russians finally revealed
the truth about an epidemic of anthrax that caused at least 68 deaths in
1979 in the city of Sverdlovsk, 850 miles east of Moscow. The outbreak
was officially blamed on eating meat from infected animals. Officials at
the nearby top-secret biowarfare compound maintained that the anthrax spores
were spread among cattle through ingestions of contaminated bone meal,
and that the people who got anthrax acquired it through the illegal sale
of diseased cattle from private farms. In 1992, Russian President Boris
Yeltsin finally acknowledged the real truth. The cause was not "natural,"
but due to the accidental escape of spores of weapons-grade anthrax produced
by the nearby biowarfare installation.
-
- The full extent of the U.S. government's experiments
on unsuspecting people will probably never be known because many documents
remain Top Secret or classified. Other documents are often declared as
missing, destroyed, or "unavailable," in an attempt to hide the
truth from the public.
-
- Genetic engineering and species transfer of new killer
viruses
-
- As the 1970s began, the U.S. Army's biowarfare program
intensified, particularly in the area of genetic engineering research.
This genetic manipulation of cells and infectious agents, and the mixing
and transferring of viruses between various animals (including monkeys,
chimps and other primates) resulted in the creation of many laboratory
(i.e. "man-made") infectious agents for research, commercial
and biowarfare purposes.
-
- In 1971, Nixon transferred a major part of the Army's
Biological Warfare Unit at Ft. Detrick over to the National Cancer Institute
(NCI). Thereafter, secret biowarfare experimentation continued under the
cover of bona-fide cancer research. In November 1973 at a high-level conference
entitled "Biohazards in Biological Research," virologists freely
admitted there was no foolproof way to prevent the escape of highly dangerous
laboratory viruses into the community. Robert W Miller of the NCI warned
that "laboratory workers have not only heavy exposures to known viruses,
but also to the viruses that they invent."
-
- Utilizing the latest genetic engineering techniques,
virologists forced cancer-causing viruses to "jump" from one
species of animal to another. In the hazardous transfer of dangerous infectious
agents, scientists developed new forms of cancer in animals, as well as
AIDS-like immunodeficiency diseases in cats, primates, and other lab animals.
In 1981, a decade later, a new and mysterious immunodeficiency disease
called AIDS suddenly appeared exclusively in gay men, the most hated minority
in America.
-
- AIDS: A designer disease with a genetically-altered laboratory
virus?
-
- During the 1970s the NCI's Special Virus Cancer Program
brought together leading national and international medical scientists
in a unified attempt to uncover cancer-causing viruses. In the process
human and animal viruses were adapted for commercial and biowarfare purposes.
By the end of the decade new "emerging viruses" began to appear.
-
- Some AIDS researchers believe the "war on cancer"
and the concomitant Special Virus Cancer Program with its connections
to biowarfare research spawned HIV. The AIDS outbreak in America clearly
traces back to the government-sponsored experimental hepatitis B vaccine
programs (1978-1981). These experiments in Manhattan , Los Angeles, and
San Francisco, utilized highly promiscuous, healthy white gay and bisexual
men as guinea pigs. Shortly after this experiment began in Manhattan in
1978, the first cases of "gay-related immune deficiency disease"
appeared in New York City.
-
- The danger of unrecognized animal viruses contaminating
commercial vaccines has been known for a half-century. The AIDS epidemic
was not the first time a monkey virus "jumped species"-via contaminated
vaccines-to the human population. The polio vaccine of the 1950s was contaminated
with a monkey virus called "simian virus-40" and was injected
into half the U.S. population of that era. The details of this horrific
event and its aftermath can be found in "The Virus and the Vaccine:
The True Story of a Cancer-Causing Monkey Virus, Contaminated Polio Vaccine,
and the Millions of Americans Exposed", by Debbie Bookchin and Jim
Schumacher.
-
- The idea of AIDS as a man-made virus (and seeded through
vaccines) is considered by most scientists to be a joke and is trashed
as paranoid "conspiracy theory." However, as already noted,
previous biowarfare experiments against civilians have all been clouded
in secrecy and covered-up at the highest levels of government. Scientific
"facts" surrounding these unethical programs are often tainted
with government misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and outright
lies.
-
- Scientists pooh-pooh the idea of a "man-made"
virus, even though the laboratory transfer of viruses from one species
to another always results in a "man-made virus." When a lab virus
is transferred to another species its molecular structure is altered. This
occurs because the transferred virus picks up new genetic material from
the cell of the new species that it infects.
-
- More than 30 years after AIDS there are still unanswered
questions. How is it biologically possible for a supposedly black, heterosexually-transmitted
disease "out-of-Africa" to suddenly (with no incubation period)
transform itself into a "gay disease" in New York City, Los Angeles,
and San Francisco? Why are there no proven AIDS cases in Africa in the
1960s and 70s? Why only young healthy white gay men in the U.S.? Why no
blacks, women, old people, immuno-suppressed people, children, heterosexuals,
among the first cases? Surely with all the sexual activity of heterosexuals
in America, one would expect some early cases to appear in straight people
as well.
-
- The evidence pointing to AIDS as a man-made disease can
be found in my two books: AIDS and the Doctors of Death, and Queer Blood.
One can also google "man-made AIDS" for hundreds of Internet
websites in which the subject is discussed rationally and intelligently.
One Internet article entitled "W.H.O. murdered Africa", written
by William Campbell Douglas, has been posted for two decades. The physician
accuses the W.H.O. of deliberately seeding HIV via contaminated African
vaccine experiments. Douglas says there is no question mark after the title
because the title is not a question: it's a declarative statement. It is
interesting to note that there has never been any serious scientific challenge
to this research.
-
- After 30 years, man-made AIDS is still a taboo subject
for scientists and the media. As proof, witness the demonization of Reverend
Jeremiah Wright (Barack Obama's pastor) whose public accusations of man-made
AIDS threatened to bring down Obama's bid for the presidential nomination.
Not one journalist had the temerity to ask the Reverend why he held such
an extreme view, and what was the evidence for it.
-
- Killer Germs for Sale
-
- Further complicating bioterrorism is the sale of deadly
microbes to anyone and any country with the cash to buy them. >From
1985-1988, when the U.S. was still friendly with Saddam Hussein, his Education
Ministry purchased 70 shipments of anthrax, West Nile virus, and other
disease-causing organisms from the American Type Culture Collection, in
Maryland. At that time, such shipments were entirely legal and received
quick approval by the U.S. Commerce Department. Even after Hussein gassed
the Kurds in 1988, and even after the Gulf War, U.S. officials continued
to supply Iraq with biochemical and warfare ingredients.
-
- The CDC also sent West Nile virus and numerous other
biological agents to Iraq during the years 1984 and 1993. Unknown to the
U.S. before 1999, infection with the African West Nile virus is now reported
throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central
America. The virus infects mosquitoes, which can transfer the virus to
humans, birds, horses, and other animals.
-
- The Riegle Report (May 25, 1994) further documents biological
and biochemical shipments from the U.S. to Iraqi government agencies. It
was later learned that these microorganisms exported by the U.S. were identical
to those the UN inspectors found and recovered from the Iraqi biowarfare
program.
-
- The Baxter Flu Virus Vaccine "Accident" in
February 2009
-
- Two months before the Mexican flu, a Czech laboratory
worker conducting a flu experiment was stunned when all the ferrets died
after inoculation with "experimental virus material" composed
of human seasonal H3N2 flu viruses. Ferrets are no supposed to die from
exposure to human seasonal flu viruses. The lethal biological product was
manufactured by Illinois-based Baxter International at its plant in Orth-Donau,
Austria and then distributed to labs in Germany, Slovenia, and the Czech
Republic.
-
- The fatal lab accident was reported on February 6, 2009,
leading to an extensive investigation by health officials. Testing showed
the "experimental virus material" was indeed a mix of human
H3N2 seasonal flu viruses, but the product was also contaminated with
unlabeled live "bird flu" H5N1 viruses. H5N1 is known as the
human form of avian flu, one of the most deadly biological weapons on earth
with a 60% kill rate. In short, such a product could start a pandemic!
-
- Reporting for the Canadian Press on 27 Feb. 2009, Helen
Branswell noted: "People familiar with biosecurity rules are dismayed
by evidence that human H3N2 and avian H5N1 viruses somehow co-mingled in
the Orth-Donau facility. That is a dangerous practice that should not be
allowed to happen, a number of experts insisted. Accidental release of
a mixture of live H5N1 and H3N2 viruses could have resulted in dire consequences.
While H5N1 doesn't easily infect people, H3N2 viruses do. If someone exposed
to a mixture of the two had been simultaneously infected with both strains,
he or she could have served as an incubator for a hybrid virus able to
transmit easily to and among people. That mixing process, called reassortment,
is one of two ways pandemic viruses are created." Fortunately, no
lab workers became ill, but all were treated with the ant-viral drug Tamiflu.
-
- Czech news reports questioned whether the events were
part of a conspiracy to deliberately provoke a pandemic, following up on
accusations already made by health officials in other countries. At first,
Baxter stonewalled questions by invoking "trade secrets" and
refused to reveal how the vaccines were contaminated with H5N1. After increased
pressure they then claimed the preparations were sent by accident.
-
- On March 3 Jutta Brenn-Vogt, a spokesperson for Baxter,
admitted that there was no routine testing for viral contamination of biologicals
produced for animal use. The implications of this are ominous for pet
lovers and veterinarians. Anyone with a household pet knows that veterinary
clinics will not treat animals who have not received the required vaccines.
Like humans, farm animals also receive various vaccines for health purposes.
The fact that animal vaccines are not tested for contamination with other
viruses should be widely known. Such animal vaccines could serve as a reservoir
for virus reassortment.
-
- Ferrets are now the preferred animal model for testing
influenza vaccines before their use on humans. Ferrets can also contract
the flu from humans. However, the Baxter lab "accident" indicates
that using animals to develop vaccines for humans is a double-edged sword.
In the process, animals can also transfer dangerous laboratory viruses
back to human beings. Increasing this danger is the fact that domestic
ferrets are now common household pets. It is estimated that approximately
800,000 ferrets are pets in the United States.
-
- While the first reports of the Mexican flu appeared in
the media, blogger Steve Watson of infonet.com commented on the Baxter
lab brouhaha. "Since the probability of mixing a live virus biological
weapon with vaccine material by accident is virtually impossible, this
leaves no other explanation than that the contamination was a deliberate
attempt to weaponize the H5N1 virus to its most potent extreme and distribute
it via conventional flu vaccines to the population who would then infect
others to a devastating degree as the disease went airborne. The fact that
Baxter mixed the deadly H5N1 virus with a mix of H3N2 seasonal flu viruses
is the smoking gun. The H5N1 virus on its own has killed hundreds of people,
but it is less airborne and more restricted in the ease with which it can
spread. However, when combined with seasonal flu viruses, which as everyone
knows are super-airborne and easily spread, the effect is a potent, super-airborne,
super deadly biological weapon. Indeed, some have already suggested that
the current scare could represent the use of such a weapon. Now it has
been announced that Baxter is seeking a sample of the potentially lethal
never before seen form of swine/avian/human flu virus in order to assist
the World Health Organization in developing a new vaccine, reaping billions
in the process. Why should Baxter be trusted, when they have already been
proven to be at the very least criminally negligent, and at worst a prime
suspect in attempting to carry off one of the most heinous crimes in the
history of mankind?"
-
- On Aprll 29, it was announced that Baxter International
would collaborate with the World Health Organization to develop a vaccine
against swine flu. A Baxter spokesman said it could take about 12-16 weeks
to provide the first doses once the manufacturing process.
-
- Body snatchers and the 1918 flu virus
-
- Beginning in the mid-1990s various researchers attempted
to determine the molecular structure of the 1918 swine flu virus that killed
as many as 50 million people worldwide. First, a new technique was devised
to analyze DNA from old, stored preserved tissue obtained from U.S. army
victims of the Spanish flu. Later, retired San Francisco pathologist and
Swedish-born adventurer Johan Hultin went to Alaska to personally dig up
the body of an Eskimo buried in the permafrost, in order to obtain further
tissue specimens for genetic analysis.
-
- Hultin's fascination with digging for frozen Alaskan
victims is chronicled by Jamie Shreeve in an article posted on-line and
entitled "Why revive a deadly flu virus?" published by The New
York Times on Jan. 29, 2006. The pathologist's first attempt, at age 25
in 1951, to secure infected tissue from a mass gravesite in Brevig, Alaska,
was unsuccessful in that he was unable to grow a virus.
-
- Years later in 1997, after hearing about the attempts
to uncover the molecular structure of the 1918 swine flu virus, Hultin,
then age 72, decided to go back to Alaska to get more tissue. And that
(according to Shreeve) is how Johan Hultin returned to Brevig - a tall,
gray-bearded figure arriving unannounced, carrying his wife's pruning shears
to help him cut through bone. After again obtaining permission, he reopened
the mass grave, and on the fourth day of digging found the body of an obese
woman whose lungs were well preserved, insulated from the occasional ground
thaw by her fat. He returned home with samples of her lungs and other organs
and sent them for virologic testing. The entire expedition took five days.
-
- On Oct. 6, 2005, the CDC announced that the genetic reconstruction
of the 1918 virus was complete. What was the reason for this intense and
macabre decade-long quest? According to the CDC, "The biological properties
that confer virulence to pandemic influenza viruses were poorly understood.
Research to better understand how the individual genes of the 1918 pandemic
influenza virus contribute to the disease process could provide important
insights into the basis of virulence. This kind of information will enable
us to devise appropriate strategies for early diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention, should a similar pandemic virus emerge. Additionally, such
research will provide us with general principles with which we can better
design antiviral drugs and other interventions against all influenza viruses
with enhanced virulence."
-
- The details of this research can be found on-line in
the Oct. 7, 2005 issue of Science magazine ("Resurrected influenza
virus yields secrets of deadly 1918 pandemic"). The article notes
"both the author's and Science's editors acknowledge concerns that
terrorists could, in theory, use the information to reconstruct the 1918
flu virus."
-
- As late as September 2008 researchers were still digging
up old victims of the 1918 pandemic in the hopes of securing more tissue.
The body of famous English diplomate Sir Mark Sykes, who died of the flu
at age 38, was exhumed from a lead-lined coffin and samples of his lung
and brain were submitted for virus testing. During World War One Sykes
collaborated in drawing up the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which carved up the
Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
-
- Pig parts for people
-
- In a pandemic flu article appearing in The New York Times
on May 5, 2009, ("10 (virus) genes furiously evolving"), Carl
Zimmer reports: "Viruses are diverse because they can mutate very
fast and can mix genes. They sometimes pick up genes from their hosts,
and they can swap genes with other viruses. Some viruses, including flu
viruses, carry out a kind of mixing known as reassortment. If two different
flu viruses infect the same cell, the new copies of their genes get jumbled
up as new viruses are assembled."
-
- So, why do scientists want to use pig tissue for transplantation
into humans. Particularly when pig viruses could "swap genes"
with human viruses? Could the current "new" swine flu virus",
which is a mix of human, pig and bird viruses, have its origin in gene-swapping
viral lab experiments and/or vaccine experiments that have been conducted
over the past half-century?
-
- Writing about pig parts for TIME (Jan.14, 2002), Michael
Lemonick is aware of the danger arising "because animals carry viruses
that are harmless to their hosts but can turn deadly in another species.
If such a virus hitchhiked aboard transplanted tissue, it could not only
infect its new host but also spread to other humans--much as HIV did when
it jumped from monkeys to man." Nevertheless, he concludes, "Interspecies
transplantation is so promising that researchers are determined to tackle
each hurdle as it comes. It could be a decade or more before clinical trials
become routine and even longer for transplants. But they seem to be on
their way.
-
- The madness of virus research and bioterrorism
-
- How many more wake up calls with bioterrorism and mysterious
new epidemics will be required before health officials stop blaming animals
for the origin of all these new epidemic diseases. When will be begin
to reevaluate the world trade in deadly infectious and biowarfare agents,
the insanities of out-of-control vaccine experimentation, and the needless
seeding of viruses into countless laboratory animals. Surely these factors
are possible reasons for our current and predicted new plagues?
-
- Laboratory infectious creations and biowarfare agents
are designed solely to kill. Any government or scientist or terrorist that
is willing to employ and deploy these agents should be fully aware that
- What Goes Around, Comes Around.
-
- Dr. Cantwell is the author of two books on the man-made
AIDS epidemic: AIDS and the Doctors of Death and Queer Blood, both available
from www.amazon.com and Book Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579. Email: <alanrcan@aol.com
Website: www.ariesrisingpress.com
-
- From Internet Bio (partial) of Adrian Gibbs
-
- http://www.rsbs.anu.edu.au/WallaceDarwin/Adria
- n%20Gibbs/Adrian_Gibbs_cv_for_EF%5B3%5D.pdf
-
-
- Committee and editorial work
-
-
- Co-editor of 'Journal of General Virology` (plant viruses),
1969-71; /of 'Intervirology` (plant viruses), 1973-85;
- /of 'Australasian Plant Pathology` (plant viruses),
1978-81; /of 'C.M.I./A.A.B
- 1970-72; /of "Portraits of Viruses: A Review Series",
Intervirology, 1979-88;
- International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Exec.
Comm. member, 19
- 1991-3 (Life Member 1996); Chairman of the Data Subcommittee,
19
- Programme Committee, Section on Virology of the IUMS,
1971-2001
- ntific Advisory Board of 'Plant Pathology`, 1981- 2000;
/of founding Editorial Board of 'Virus Research`, 1
- 87; /of Editorial Advisory Board of 'Archives of Virology`,
1985-2002; /of Editorial Advisory Board of the
- 'Review of Plant Pathology`, 1987-96; /of Advisory Board
of 'Indian Phytopathology`, 1988-96; /of Editorial
- Advisory Board of the 'Encyclopaedia of Virology`, 1990-93;
/of the founding Editorial Board of 'Molecular
- Phylogenetics and Evo
- Line, 1996-98
- Culture Committee of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection
Service, 1987-90
- Board of the Australian Genomic Information Centre, University
of Sydney, 1991-9
- Crop Protection Programme Advisory Board of C.A.B. International,
1996-2000;
-
-
- First published in the July 2009 issue of NEW DAWN magazine,
Melbourne, Australia
|
